CHAPTER V

On the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of the National Congress, the president, the lawyer NGUYEN HUU THO, exposed his opinion remarking the people committee of all levels was not only weak but they seemed to be a puppet government , or more precise, such a democratic form no more no less : “ what made us heartbroken during years before, that we always kept “ the form of Name not of Fact”. Our biggest fault is the lack of real democracy. Lots of suitable aspirations of the people were not realized yet and the people did not choose really his responsible in accord with his confidence”[1] . He particularly affirmed that the “Democrcy’ was not a gift so that the people could show the hands to beg it from he government but it was a legal right and to get it, we had to fight on.

The same, at the meeting of the old students of Taberd ( a school of the Brothers) ,while the participants proposed what to do in order to” support the brothers” and to organize a “gratitude Day “ towards their former teachers and at the same time they wish ”not to attract a lot of attention” of the authorities. Mr Ngo Cong Duc uttered these words being hardly appreciated by others : “ Now, let’s refuse to bend our head before the authorities but have them to follow us !” . Knowing that Mr Ngo Cong Duc was a former member of the Congress under the old Regime, but belonging to the Opposition Side. He was still now appreciated by the present Government.

Apparently, he seemed to be sincere ,friendly and even “opposite” to the ideal , the behavior, the way to take action of the communists. He showed me some of his articles against the negative features of the authorities. However, I did not know how true it was .

The affirmation of Mr Nguyen Huu Tho and the words of Mr Ngo cong Duc would make us upset about our habit of expectation with resignation , this attitude was very widespread in the country : waiting for a Visa of entry to the USA during 12 years; waiting for the planning realization of a neighborhood required 18 years without building nothing at all; waiting for the order of Br. Superior to move elsewhere cost the life of 5 drowned brothers in 1989; waiting for the given schools back to restart his teaching-profession since 30 years with “ overconfidence “; waiting for and waiting for again in reflecting on the maxim “ all come to the end for who knows waiting for “; It is not time to wait for a “ propitious moment” to act but it is time for all “ rolling up their sleeve “to look for, create, dare and assume themselves the responsibility of their surviving.

The Vietnamese education rested on the first experience done by the child in its own family . It is in it he learns to know the others. It is it which will orient later the style of his social relationship. The experience of others, acquired in his familial environment, will guide the Vietnamese in his human contacts :

We are understandable that the communication between persons has, for a Vietnamese a great difference in meaning from for an European. For an European to communicate is to transfer a message to someone else .

The stress mark is on the message. While for a Vietnamese, it is a success of a human relationship, a coexistence of two partners who were hardly in the same plan of equality before. The Vietnamese take care of the underlying feelings of the exchanged sayings.

The strict logic is a kind of violence. The violence demolishes human relationship. People cannot enforce their ideas on others. Then , we must suggest more than affirm. It is a lack of respect we did towards our partner, even in the domain of love. This old folklore song shows that the lover only reveals his thought indirectly.

Thus, the Vietnamese educational worry consists of creating this loving relationship with others; once upon a time, living at home, throwing a bridge to the direction of other. The fact he is shocked the most, is the indifference of the other.

A very good quality in a Vietnamese is generally the hardworking character, but having no effort to renovate himself ; laborious and dexterous, but no exact acts of evaluating which let him perfect his works. He has settled down well in his new situation but slow in his transformation and creativity. Likewise, before a VIP, he humbles himself and shows stupefied by the lesser thing. He is rather sentimental than rational, he gives in easily to another instead of fighting for the best part according to predecessors’ instructions :” If you endure yourself once, you will be beneficial ten times “. Being connected by deep feelings more than by legislation , he usually prefers to treat the problems as custom dictates than by law,

” the law of the kingdom is lower than that of the village” says frequently a person before his difficulty. Such defaults sometimes slow down the expected progress.

The Vietnamese people , specially the young is basically the one who loves studying. Not including the schools and universities, the centers of languages are numerous too. In the past, Studying is the way to be mandarin and thanks to it “ all the relatives and family take advantage of it” . Today, 89/168 investigated people are motivated to get a good place for their future.[2]

Loving studying is a very good quality, it is a chance to promote in life . But, getting ambitiously diplomas at any price can sow the seed of bad opinion in the Young : they highly appreciate only the diplomat people. As a result, some young persisted in the belief that not to pursue a professional formation conforming to their capacities . They forgot a proverb saying: “ There is no profession –even the smallest-that cannot nurture one’s life “. However, a great default of Vietnamese is the la ck of discovery , an effort of creativity to find out his own way, to go out off the deadlock .

Mr Nguyen Hoa[3] , theoretician and literature critic , exposed his opinions at a forum about the subject : ” Who are we ? the Vietnamese laborious but with little systematic thought .” ,summarized slightly the main characteristics of a Vietnamese.:

“ As human beings, all like saying well of themselves and their community of life. But when the time changed and their social relationship became bigger than before , the image of a” well-speaker” must face a lot of truths and sometimes brutal truths .

“ The cultural image of Vietnam was first formed by the Confucianism , then by the Buddhism and after that by the European and American culture . If a discussion on this domain was required, I would affirm that the greatest default of my people is the laziness and the routine-minded spirit in accepting new ideas, accompanied a jealous routine and honor aspiration. Because of this idleness we often tended to the auto- sufficiency and easily to the "banalization" of knowledge and because of the routine-minded spirit, we often became reluctant to the renewal .Moreover, we got used to using our criteria to “ measure” the others. The jealousy in the manner of “ a countryside proprietor” seemed to be deeply soaked in our mind. In looking at us, I think there was not many people who were able to get “ capable and courageous” to recognize our weakness “.

In his turn, Mr Nguyen Dinh Khoi , vice – president of the General Company of Viettel telecommunication, stated his opinions :

“ The Vietnamese get very good qualities : good workers and particularly very clever. Beside them, bad ones are not less numerous. For instance, weak systematic ideas, it is to say they can only see what is in front of their nose, impossible to see a little further long - term projects, or the totality.

Today, we cannot go out of the agriculture society yet, so peasants qualities could be marvelous in the old time, became less suitable now . Some mentioned inter alia: routine-minded spirit , lack of creative spirit , not being updated , elastic in daily activities …,weak planning , haft-finished works, feeble responsibility, thinking only ot his highest profit , using the exciting products but causing damage to farmers, e.g. never thinking of the misdeed to the consumers […]”.

Mentioning some of these Vietnamese inherent defaults , I mean simply that despite having a long formation to the lasallian life, the brothers mentality still remains more or less influenced by the social issues .

On November 5^th , the delegates of Vietnam , presided by the Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam Mr Pham gia Khiem, left Ha Noi for Geneva (Switzerland) to participate to the celebration of Admission to WTO . Being present there the Minister of the Ministry of Commerce Mr Truong Dinh Tuyen, Mr the chief of the government Pourparler-group of Economy, the Vice-Minister of Commerce Luong Van Tu and the members of the negotiation group …

At the assembly conference of 149 members of WTO, organized on November 7^th 2006, the president of the Assembly Eirik Glenne exposed 4 dossiers of engagement Acts of Vietnam asking to be a member of WTO, and consisting of reports of the Working Commission, a copy of Viet Nam engagement in the domain of goods Customs , agricultural aid , as well as the exportation itinerary , a copy of engagement in the domain of services and of the project of the protocol adhesion to WTO . After the dossier approbation and the accord of all members , at 11:17 Geneva time, be 11:17 Ha noi time, Viet Nam became officially the 150^th member of the World Trade Organization when the president of the session strike 3 hammer blows. This was a memorable event in the history of Viet Nam, ending then 11 years of proceedings. This event was

both a chance and a challenge .In this occasion, the general Director of WTO ,Mr Pascal Lamy affirmed firmly : “ Today, the economy of Viet nam becomes so important that It cannot be separated from WTO. With a populaion of 80 million , at the same row of Germany, Viet nam confirms again that his belonging to WTO is pertinent ” . However, being concious of the future challenge after this event, Mr Vu Khoan, the former Premier exposed his opinion before the journalists: “ the unique means to learn swimming is to throw onself into the sea “.

Belonging to the WTO will be a chance to individuals as well s to the different enterprises to go up. But, it will be also a problem for others who were bankrupt by bad administration or old technology . These challenges took source from the difference between capacities and the exigency of integration . Firstly,the rivalry will be more brutal with many more partners on a larger and deeper domain ,between the products of a country and those of productive ones ,the enterprises of the country and those of the foreign ones. Not only in the international market but also in the same country because of lowering import taxes from 14,4% to 13,4% during the 3-5 first years[5] . Then, the” repartition” of profits by globalization is not equal . the countries whose economy is low, benefits naturally less. In the same country ,this “distribution” is not equal as well.The risk of enterprise failure drags along increasing jobless figures. The trench between the rich and the poor grows bigger and deeper. By integration to WHO in this globalization, the dependence between these countries increases. The upheaval of the economical market influences also on the one of Viet Nam. The environment, the nice traditional culture will be shaken .

Thereby,the integration to WTO is both a good chance and a challenge to face. Getting the best part from the chance will make a steady position and a force pushing all challenges . If, on the other side, these challenges became overwelming ,this opportunity will be lost. They will be transformed into permanent difficulties and impossible to overcome .

China integrated into WTO for nearly 5 years (11/12/2001).How did we evaluate these 5 past years and the coming years ? Mr Wang Jong said : “ After these 5 past years , China had changed positively in different manners.The concept of the economic market,the free commerce and the investment were deeply soaked in the people mind. The most important thing was the chinese population accepted largely the basic concepts of WTO such as : official declaration, responsibility of explication on the part of the authorities , national politics to treat the people well. For example, the inside private companies , thanks to the support of journalists and scientists making pressure on the decision makers , were treated equally now between the government or foreigners. In 2004, the Constitution of China was modified ,concerning the concept of owners and the human right .The people participated more to the politics planning than before, under cetain degree, thanks to newspapers which often issued comments about the government politics ,allowing the citizens to discuss them.Moreover, the government offices published the law projects or the prescriptions to the people to aske them for remarks and organized also meetings to publish explicative reports and invited also other companies to join them. All these breakthroughs taken place during the first 5 years after China had joined to WTO, seemed to support the explication from which economic opening helped strengthen the feature “open”.

Let’s remark that the 5-year evaluation joining to WTO did not base on the Economy but on the existing prescription renovation as well as on the personal concept. Is this the key of results in the economy field ? If there were not these transformed views, would China reunite required conditions for a more and more prosperous production ? The response is clear. It needed only 5 years to make China overpass Britain “ getting the 5^th row in the World Economy, the 3^rd row in Export after the USA and Germany.From 2001-2005 , the commerce increased on the average of 29% yearly .The general amount went to US 1 400 billions in 2005.

The cash balance got up almost one US billion . Nowaday, the US obligation Value of treasure went up to 257 billion USD at the end of 2005” [6] .

WTO is really a” big game” .There are always prices to pay. What are then the VIP ‘s reactions facing this great event ?

- Mr Nguyen Duy Hung, president of the administration council of Saigon Value Company : being worried, I wondered why one always thinks the integration to WTO shows preference for other countries to rush to ours but not for us who move forward ouside ?

- Mr Truong gia Binh ,General director of FPT Company : The Vietnamese firms must outface a decisive competition concerning the source of human force. The joining to WTO indicates also the copyrights are certified. Before, lots of big firms refused to invest inside the country where copyrights are not respected ,including Vietnam.

- Mr Vu Viet Ngoan, General Director of Vietconbank: The joining to WTO requested all the firms ,including Vietcombank, to run in accord with the international criteria but not with these of Viet Nam . This is a big shock for the commercial banks of Viet Nam among which Vietconbank must hurry up quickly the speed of renovation.

- Mr Tran Phuong Binh ,General director of the West Asia TMCP bank : We know the foreign banks paid specially attention to the retail selling market because, with a population of 80 million inhabitants ,there are only 5 millions getting an account in banks. I think, in 5 years ,the vietnamese banks will get the sufficient resource for an equal competition with the foreign ones.

Mr Vo Ta Han, MA in commercial administration,Massachussetts University in 1973, USA , living now in Singapore,member of the Administraton Committee,University SIM, advisor of the Swiss UBS AG bank in Singapore confided to the Newspaper Thanh nien (The Youth),in this memorable event :

- What are the ‘’good fruits” we got and the price we paid for the integration onto the WTO ?

= According to the documents on the expriences of the countries just “ coming into play”, immediately after joining the WTO, It seemed to be, the first stage in their field encountered lots of difficulties. In the first years ,they all felt the so high price to be paid. In these first years, the State as well as the commercial organization of the contry seemed not to be ready, and still always staying under the phase of preparation, what the specialists considered as lacking of information. With the commitment towards the WTO, the ways to the market had to be changed a lot in both fields : some will be closed again while lots of new ways will be opened…

-According to you , what must we do to avoid such a rut appearing in other countries ?

= Besides the cadres, the competent branches concerning the WHO, an organization of sessions is necessary to divulgate widely information and a more coherent collaboration between the influenced members in the country by WHO. We must also study seriously practical experiences from preceding countries and territories such as : Nepal ( became a member of WHO in May 2004, Cambodia (in October 2004),China (in December 2004). In the coming days, the world will pay attention to Viet Nam and evaluate the degree of trust towards us based on our realization of our commitments. In integrating into WHO, the mass of merchandise production and the suppliers service first met lots of “storms” because they must face big waves repeating while enormous rival foreign countries landed in Vietnam. In spite of big influences of these branches ,the government must aimed at the agriculture mass for it is the main domain of our people. The coming way will encounter surely lots of challenges , but from now we could enjoy our new success.

-Let’s listen to Mr Pham Duc Binh in Dong Nai, so called “ King of pig-raiser in Viet Nam” :

” We must build great ships and go to the open sea” . In 1989 , getting from his father 800 head of pigs , Pham Duc Binh raised it to 20 000 in a 12 hectare-farm. Today , he brings up only female pigs for production. This livestock goes to 1500 .

- Being a raiser, what is your reflection on this event, the integration of VN into The WHO ?

= Like all Vietnamese, I am delighted about it. It is a chance or a fortune, I dare not to discuss anything. Let’s the specialists evaluate it . Being a raiser, I reflected a lot and felt so anxious for the future of raisers whom I am. During these three last years, chickens and pigs epidemic are not controlled yet. The consequence ? the consumers must buy them with high price, several times we must import chickens while pig raisers took a risk of failure in mass because the selling price is always under from 20% -30% of the cost price. It is sufficient only 3 or 4 similar deficits to make raisers lose the game. They are kidding : “nowadays pigs do not eat bran but …soil !” because lots of them sold their land to pay off by pig raising.

- Another event happens after the integration into the WHO, chickens will be imported in large quantity from Thailand with a very low price from 0.8 -1 USD while China, getting over 60% of the world pig breeding, is a very big threat to North VN in this domain. And we preview if our raising career ” dies “, many others in agriculture will survive hardly ,too.

= Why not ? The problem is how to understand it and how we can or cannot get the best thing from this chance . As I noticed that lots of raisers will risk a failure, however they are all private small rearing. It is really painful but we have to accept it in order to proceed a restructuration which means a concentration by enlarging on rearing in a real industrial way.

Today, small and private rearing get 90% in South and 97% in North VN .The most limitation of this type of rearing is to follow the movement or to imitate the neighbors without a previous examine of the market needs. When the price turns down ,the majority of them wait for a raising price, without thinking that, the more people keep them, the more expense of food increases.

-According to you, what can we do to make the rearing in VN develop in a steady and consistent way?

=Our rearing must assure 5 basic elements : the area of rearing, the technology, the food, the slaughter system, and the consumption market, […]

According to Mr Pham Duc Minh, the estimation of the total pig livestock in the whole VN got to 27 millions. But , for the specialists ,there is only 30% of these from good race .The 70% left (20 millions) are from local race , bad quality. A good race piglet costs 4-5 USD , is equivalent to 10 others of bad race. So, 20 million of bad race pigs are only worth 2 million of good race. The total of a 27-million livestock is equal to a 9-million of good race which requires the same time and the same expense of food for a livestock of 27 millions. So the weak productivity is evident.

“ The globalization is not a recent phenomenon. According to some analysts, the economy was globalized 100 years ago.”[7] But, the word “globalization” was currently used in the 80s , that is since the technical progress made realizations easier and faster”. Being a developing country ,with a low- level economy,Viet Nam is outfacing to the world relationship which overpasses those of our borders .In reality, the event of globalization was only broken up in VN during these two last decades , since the “ renewal in 1986 “ ,but its influence spread quickly as well as its opposition in concept : some enjoyed from a “ benefit processus”, others were “hostile” to this processus, even anxious about it , they estimated it hightened the disparity in the center of the country and between themselves, threatened employments and the level of life and held up the social progress”.[8] The globalization is considered as an “open “ phenomenon taking action in a long way with a complex course and full of surprises .Willy-nilly,this globalization of economy is a general tendency to which VN, being in the course of these changes , could not stand up because of the development of the force of production and the market economy, pushed by the fast progress of science and technology.

The globalization can be considered as a match, a game : those who are clever win more than lose while those who are less lose more than earn . And it seems nobody earns all or loses all. The unique case that one loses all is when one turns in oneself, when one shuts the door, pushes away the globalization, refuses the integration : then one kills oneself, isolated and marginalized. It is evident the globalization is a great opportunity but also a big hidden challenge . Refusing it means also escaping from difficulties or giving up before facing it. It will be a great failure.

It is clear that, however that may be , the process of the globalization has an effect on the development of VN, if it would like to ” make friends” with the world. Let’s not forget the situation of VN in 2000, with “ 92,7% of farmers who have no professional formation and being jobless during 5-6 months a year[9] .( Only 2 seasons in VN : rainy season and dried season. In general, the dried season, hot and arid ,is not compatible to agriculture). Some areas in the Delta of Mekong River flooded from June to November. The people had to look for a work besides agriculture. The GDP[10] per inhabitant of VN in 2000 was equal only to “1/5 of that of Thailand” . And the” Statistics of Canada” ,VN was classified the “125^th row of 163 countries”[11] . Also, the Statistics of “World Bank “ , the GDP per inhabitant in Indonesia increased and it doubled every 2 years. For Korea, it needs only 28 months to double the GDP per inhabitant while in VN, during 13 years (1986-1999),the GDP increased only 1,55%, this to say VN must need 20 years to get the double of GDP per habitant.

These few figures showed the great challenge to overpass and the people of VN must plan a strategy to get over. If not, VN will be submerged in the flow of globalization or threw out of the world development.

Because, from this fact, the exchanges and financial markets are more and more integrated, an overlooked reality leading to rival conditions which required economical standards, however that may be, the developing countries including VN must follow. Among these norms , there are criteria of the production quality. On the one hand, VN as well as other developing countries must get a certain level to be able to state and integrate into the common market; on the other hand ,VN must know well international status , capable to elaborate laws complied with the world norms that VN seems to be feeble, in order to attract foreign investments.

Like in the majority of developing countries , VN in the last decade made its industrialization and modernization progress. But, knowing that the development does not consist of quick construction of skyscrapers and infrastructures such as : roads of communication ,airports, posts ,…all are certainly necessary to the industrialization and modernization. For, to build roads, ports, modern bridges of high quality with reasonable expense , it must first “ modernize the person and the political institutions” .

Obviously, it is a long term work, and it is impossible to change overnight the routines, concepts, and behaviors of a society , especially those of a country where the percentage of agricultural works getting a so high place compared with workers in the whole country: 73%. So, the psychology of farmers, petty, local and incoherent concepts remain full of significance to lots of levels in the countryside life and the city as well. To renew radically the way of living of the entire society sleeping for a long time in an outdated agrarian economy required an audacious policy and solutions both courageous and creative which were looming since some years, especially in applied computing science and in telecommunication. However what attracted our attention the most is the knowledge of the “ applied computing science revolution” being already advanced in development. But, it is not only the one of technology, mechanics , computers, or velocity… but also first this must be a “ revolution of concepts”[12] . To integrate then to the globalization economical market,VN must actualize its scientific knowledge on the one hand, and its new concepts, new standard initiatives on the other hand, about the management of production, the organization of social activities, the relationship without discrimination with different religions in the country and foreign partners. The important thing is the total adapted policy that must integrate the introduced elements by the following services of FMI ( International Monetary Fund ):

“-precautions aiming the macroeconomic stability in order to create propitious conditions to investment and Savings.

“-measures centered on overseas to promote efficiencies by a raise of exchange and investment .

“-strong institutions and an efficient government to assure a good management of public affairs

“-precautions in education, in formation , and in research and development to stimulate the productivity

“-a management of outside debt which helps mobilize sufficient ressources for a durable development”[13]

In fact,the globalization and integration to WHO are only a double face phenomenon. Participating to the globalization and realizing the integration to WHO are two different ways to express an enterprise, a process of unification, it is a difficult way ,said time and time again the former VN Premier Pham van Dong :

“ We are being on the path without card. However, this thought of Loâ Taán, a Chinese philosopher ,is worth to be also taken and meditated : “ by nature, the land has no path, but with the time the human tings and forgings formed it”. Thus, the Vietnamese people required to derive profit from their intelligence, their personality and their professional conscience during this new period of history without being capable to overpass the revolution of concepts.

“ Accepting the challenge to get big chances”, it is the great message of Geneva. After belonging to ASEAN then to APEC and to ASEM, and now to WHO, Viet Nam showed his people will to integration. The accepted and recommended challenges to Geneva, the Viet Nam must discern them to stand face to face it.

For the question “ globalization” : must we enjoy it or be anxious about it ? The services of FMI have a survey quite thorough to respond to these practical questions : -what is globaliztion ? growth without preceding and increase of disparities: the tendencies of the income in the XX^th century; the developing countries : integration level; the globalization increases the poverty and the disparity? How can the poor fill in more quickly their lateness? ; Does the globalization penalize the workers of the advanced poor countries? Are periodical crises an inevitable consequence of the globalization ? Role of institutions and organizations. However, the conclusion remains a little pessimistic : “ As the globalization got forward, the life level ( especially when it was measured by global indicators) was noticeably improved in almost countries .Nevertheless, the best results were obtained by advanced countries and only by some developing countries”. Evidently, willy nilly the Viet Nam was already mingled with the rhythm of globalization with his good and bad features . But, like a certain bishop compared the globalization to a fresh wind that brings us good things, we must open widely all the doors to enjoy it fully by accepting a few mosquitoes arriving at the same time.

PARC is the abbreviation of “ Pacific Asia Regional Conference” . Since some thirty years , the brothers living in the Asiatic countries and those being in Australia would like to approach closer in order to help each other by creating a Conference named “PARC” , composed of Australia, India, Pakistan ,Philippines, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Japan, Hongkong, Malaysia and Viet Nam . Once a year, the brothers Provincial and presidents of Delegation and Sub-districts gather together for the survival and animation of PARC. This year, the PARC 30 will be in India from 23-26 of January,2007.

Sine PARC 29 in 2005, the participants approached the topic of PARC restructuration. The goal aimed is to hurry the establishment of one or two Districts in the Asian pacific region to Support the countries in financial difficulties and to, if possible, share the personnel . The PARC 30 of 2007 found 2 Models to submit to the General Counsel in Rome.

1. It is an effective way to make increase the vitality and the vitality of all sectors, particularly in the field of Mission.

2-Providing the brothers an effective way to combine these constitutive elements .

3-Seeing more clearly the needs of Sectors in the District, particularly their demands of resources

4-Providing a more big flexibility to respond to the needs of the Mission of the entire District .

5-Having a bigger capacity to get at the required perfection for the Formation of all brothers and lay partners.

9-Providing an effective way to feeble Sectors in ressources in order to get the self-sufficiency .

10-Simplifying the structures and number of people required by the administration.

13-The new structures are not an end in itself , but a stage in the process of restructuration.

15-The members of the Counsel of Alliance and Counselors of District asked a deep assurance of co-responsibility and subsidiarity.

18- Combining the Counsel of Alliance and Counsels of the District like the new existence in the Institute.

The basic principles of the New District will be : co-responsibility,subsidiarity,interdependence and solidarity.The authentic process of the responsibility assures that these principles are decreed entirely.

20-The clauses of the Rule may be applied to all decisions of Brother Visitor and of the Counsel of District.

21-Special delegations are sent to Sectors or to people in charge (or counselors) of the Sectors.

24-The District assures that each Sector takes care of the age and the health of each brother.

25-The Brothers stay at their present Sector and are designated of assignation by virtue of their own Responsible of the Sector.

26-All removals of Brothers towards Sectors are done after consultation in person of the brothers and of the Responsible of the Sector.

When examining the advantages and challenges and the basic principles of the restructuration,the existing Districts ,Sub-districts and delegations have 2 options :

a) 1^st Option: composed of 2 stages : Alliance considered first as a transition towards a new District. The Sector of this choice is comprised of :Hong Kong,Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Myanmar and Indonesia.

b) 2^nd Option : consists of these countries : Australia,( New Zealand, Papua, New Guinea, ) India,Japan,Pakistan,Thailand.

There are 2 countries left having no choice yet : Sri Lanka and Viet Nam . They assure to give their choice in the shortest delay .

Before, the Brothers of Viet nam showed their opinions less favorable to this restructuration , with the reason “ seeing nothing good “ or even “ we risk to lose our identity as District”. Personally speaking,I realize also lots of occurring difficulties to overcome . However, it may be a chance of promotion for our young Brothers in their professional , pedagogical , administrative and spiritual life. Beside , willy-nilly, we cannot stand apart in front of this wave of globalization.

Approaching the big phenomenon of globalization and the integration to WHO,I do not try to define what is the globalization or to do a survey on this most complex problem. But the global influence of this historic fact,especially on Education, obliged me to do a short study on the advantages and the challenges in order to get a social re-insertion appropriated to the future . Beside, the audience given to the Premier Mr Nguyen Tan Dung by the Pope is the source of hope of the catholics for a more authentic liberty of Religion.

In reallity, to be integrated economically to the globalization, the Viet Nam must have a great force of administratively qualified workers to lead the high technology and other organizations related to the economy in order to stand at the same level of that of other countries in the world. This demand became the first priority in Education at schools.But, the education of knowledge considered as the Centre helping the joung find their position in the society, is not sufficient , because the development of the country is not restricted to that of the technology and to the Economy or the change of structures. It must also go with the young in the process of personalization thanks to the formation of human qualities. In fact, education needs to make the young generation face up to the challenges of a consumption world and an individualism as we analysed it in Part II about the degradation and the trivialization of human qualities among the young and teachers.Without it, the future decayed generation will be incurable.

In the 2^nd PART,we studied on the situation of the youth and the vietnamese education today.Those who were anxious about the future of this present youth, felt worried with their everyday negative manifestations in the life .I may summarize them in a few major points :

The young today get lots of necessary means to promote in life.But few ones aimed for a higher goal than the consumption and the Job .Since the reunification of the country,the young vietnamese have been educated in socialist schools with the choice of communist ideal as their reason of existence and the logic of materialism and atheism as criteria of thought, exactly like their predecessors during the time of Protection and Reconstruction of the country.

However ,this ideal can not persuade the young today and they are sceptical for several reasons. Their parents do not give them good examples. A great number of them was considered as heroes by accepting easily miseries, sacrifices in favor of their offspring, become now the very rich by means of little honesty.They have a luxurious life by robbery public money rising to million of dollars…[14] .

Moreover, the schooling or family education did not satisfy the youth aspiraton which needs love, advices, confidence, accompaniment to be well oriented. The following extract from these letters to a Brother is a strong token of this thirst:

“Being one of the most brilliant schoolgirls of my class at Le Qui Ñon high school[15] , I got and yet 3 times in succession mark 6 for the 3 main subjects : Maths,Physics,and Literature , this made me so miserable.I did not understand why I got these bad marks though I did seriously and meticulously the revision and that I understand comoletely the lesson. Yesterday I announced this bad news of marks to Mother,she scolded me longly with these words : “Try yourself to study seriously.Fortunately you got good marks in the first Semetre,if not, I would not let you go to school and you would stay home to cook and to do the housework.Your 2 brothers are not good at studies but I would let them continue theirs even to get away from the military Service while you, you are a girl, you are exempt from this.Your father and I, we do not want to lose money to get in exchange a “ pretty Well “ mention. I am completely desolated a this.”

Since my childhood,my mother has never paid attention to my inside state but only my material life.She has never known that I have to search by myself for a long time a pertinent and adequate behavior . She was not even conscientious that I lost an entire year to read all the collection books “ the sublime hearts” and it is me who manage to buy them instead of getting informed of these recommendations by mother . I do not understand what she would like. People told me that “ the happiest moment of my parents is the day when they see I get a good place in the society”. But, it seems that my mother does not think so. She only aims the 4 traditional qualities of a Vietnamese: Skillfulness ,grace, politeness , good behavior throughout my words, my behavior, my relationship. She never asks me “ Why are you sad? Tell me what happens to you, may be I can help you ? “. Really speaking, I do love my mother very much. Every time she is sick, I sit on the side of her bed to take care of he; when she has difficulties, I always try to hel her. She often congratulates me in front of others. It is thanks of these conflicting points that I do not understand my mother and I wonder if really she loves me . Since my childhood, I has missed her love ( I think so ) ; and now I am completely exhausted. I am bored with the endurance, the false appearance during these last years. What can I do to recover my personality ?

Throughout the Internet,the multimedia and also by the young of the foreign countries and those original from vietnamese,the rich young of the country, learned the consumption life and the libertinage,without knowing and having possibility to take what real ideal ! This lack of ideal appears mostly in young people who are not anxious about their future or their building future. They live only for the present time,without being worried about what could be harmful to themselves,to their family,or to the society. They spent overnight in the Karaoke rooms to have freely use of ecstasy… What was described in Part II and that was the living testimony of this phenomenon.

iV- Severe griefs : problem of trivialized morality , human qualities at fault in society

During some 30 years, the young have learned to live the socialist ideal at school. But ,the day when this ideal is lost and is no more persuasive , normally the moral life ,the human qualities have no place. By lacking of these basic qualities of human beings, a great number of young trivialize the laws, violate them easily, do not consider seriously good traditions, watch in secret unhealthy films . ..According to the Report of the national commission of prevention of HIV, published on Nov 5^th 2002, the discovered drug addicts had already the number 112343 individuals, 70% of which are under 30 years,and this number increases year after year. The given number from the national commission manifests only the ones sent to the re-education camps, voluntarily or forced while the real number of those who live in secret in society is much higher. The one of infected people by HIV was quite high: 147 000 cases in 2002. The majority of them are too young yet. In the estimation of the VN Ministry of Medicine ,in 2005, there were 197 000 infected ones. Some of these girls worked in Cambodia (27 000 ) have an age of 14-18 years old[16] .

Some where else, the number of pregnant girls increased more and more. Each year, there are about 1 million cases of abortion and 3000 of which are of minor age and 10% of which are infected by virus HIV. Moreover, people who committet infractions are also younger and younger, more and more numerous . How can we remain indifferent when facing this sign of decadence of the whole youth without participating to the reconstruction of the society ? One can see in the annexe the photo of a cemetery thousands of officially aborted human beings in Nha Trang. Enven so,they are being already taken a human form . To show respect to these little beings,volunteers with the help of a certain nurse in the hospital came some times a week to recuperate them for a burial on this hill. (photo, p.480)

On the other hand,the chinese philosopher Koueng Tsu ( 4^th B.C ) defined Man as : “ a man is he who has a human heart “, but in chinese this word means also :” the Love for one’s neighbor “ . In other words, he who does not have a human heart , is not dignified to be called human being. It is clear that , in accordance with the analysis of Part I about the youth today,the Vietnamese society realizes day after day the lost of the most precious , the most important thing to become a man, the moralistic principle ( love of one’s neighbor) . Being lost the Morale, the man becomes in spite of oneself selfish, naughty , and committing all kind of crimes such as to steal, to cheat, to kill, to sell “white substance”… and beside, to siphon off, to ransack public deniers of the government and people… when the adults live such a manner what do the young think of ? they cannot live some other way .

The phenomenon of non-orientation and unideal young seems to be contagious and widely spread.They do not aim at other things but the consumption and snobbism even the depravation : dependence on heroism , ecstasy, crazy unbridled motor racing , excessive sexual relations , easy abortion at minor age…these are all priority . It is such a decadence of the global moral that causes heartbreaking pain to all who are anxious about the future of the country. In approaching the subject of trivialization of human qualities and the Vietnamese people tradition, it seemed that some people complained of it ironically: “ You are too old!” . In fact, my french teachers repeated several times : “ If the young knew,if the old could”. The world belongs to everybody .The society is composed of adults and young people . In this vista, the father Timothy Radcliffe, the former Superior of the Dominicans , wrote in a very simple but most profound : “ If in a community , there were only superiors who decided eveyrthing , the Charity could not exist there : If there were only savants who governed it, the community would be transformed to a ridiculous accademy ; If there were only the old who ruled it, the community would not have any future; If there were only young responsibles , it could be lost roots “. The importance thing is then that each one has his place,his work and brings his contribution to the common functioning .

Facing this negative situation of the youth,being Brother-educator , we must wonder this question : “ What can we do ? which goal do we aim at ?” .Ways are opened in front of us : more than a thousand of orphans , 300 000-400 000 of agent orange victims, alcohol dependents and drug addicts , young prostitutes ,street children, infected people by the virus HIV/AID, rejected by their family, over 4 million immigrants 50% of which are analphabets , young who abandon schools on the way. We do not list here a great quantity of young who leave their village to towns hoping to get a job there. From that emerge all kind of social calamities.

Parents and adults, we are called to take in charge this youth, the future of the country and also of the Church. We must do our best to help them go out of the shadow of life : introduce them an ideal of life,and encourage them to live fully as a person.We could collaborate with volunteers ,other teachers,writers,even with artists to help the young build their life as well thanks to the culture and art…

The more sollutions in politics and economy are difficult the more responsibles must require their putting in place, without staying to wait for “ the propitious moment”, otherwise it is too late to cure it .

But, before giving asolution to the question what the Brothers can do today, let’s have a look over their present situation:

The number of Brothers in 2007 got to 92. there is nothing to be comparable to the recrudescence of other congregations in Viet Nam. However, it is also an encouragement for a lay institute, located in a socialist country where the mentality of the people estimates the clerical life much more than the lay religious one. Although the age average still remains a litle high ( 53,9 years old),16,3% of the Brothers are 40-49 years old and 25% from 30 to 39, promises a future relatively optimist.

Age	...29	30-39	40-49	50-59	60-69	70-79	80-89	90-...	Total
Number	8	23	15	10	12	8	13	3	92
percentage	8,7 %	25 %	16,3 %	10,9 %	13,0 %	8,7 %	14,1 %	3,3 %	100 %

Facing the event of the globalization, somehow, the Brothers must look for a path to insert themselves to the world of education, either by opening a general teaching school or all other services of education . A quick view on the present situation about the personnel of the District can help the responsibles orient the young to the intellectual and pedagogic formation[17] ,74 brothers showed on this list were born after 1942.Those who were 65 years old , and those who are still in good health to work or to assume some charges during 5 coming years, are 8 ones.This is the category 1. The brothers in activity belong to the category 2, born between in 1949 and 1978, take the highest place :44 brothers. The 3^rd category is composed of the brothers in formation at the scholasticats ,those who reach the mission in 3-4 years : 10 brothers. The Novices and Postulants still go on their formation during a long period , over 5 years of probation, are put in 4^th category.They are 12.Their level of studies is a little feeble :30/74 finished their university studies and there are only 17 who got their diploma in pedagogy. The Notes sent to the District Chapter manifest this lack of formation: “ inactive in working, no creativity Spirit… not understanding clearly the educative sense about the taking care of boarders and the youth, no attention to deepen the youth psychology : the rattan is the main means of correctionThis anxious share from a young brother is seen as a hurrying call to the formers of the Institute : “ I was not well prepared in pedagogy for teaching. I would like to work in the firms .” !

There are two distinct generations among the brothers: the old generation is composed of the brothers before 1975 and the “ young generation” , after 1975, more exactly after a long interruption 1975-1992. Educating throughout schools is deeply integrated into the mind of those in the old generation . This made them hardly change their total concept in the sense of an education outside the school. The “young generation”, on the contrary, not knowing the Past of the brothers , have heard speak vaguely of their Mission but not understanding lot of it at all . This is why a written Note sent to the District Chapter :” Lots of Brothers , after so much time living in different houses of formation, do not know clearly what is the Mission of brothers ! So they have such a bored life, not paying attention to the present and so humble activities of the community, having illusions on the search of what is affected elegant well known by people”. In the same way, the majority of communities devoted themselves to the preoccupation of boarders. This is a favorable environment for both education and finance in a situation where one cannot do anythingelse. Despite these visible advantages from the care of boarders ,some young brothers showed their repugnance and fear to be sent to a community having a boardinghouse.They do not know then the real meaning of their work in preoccupying the interns ,the young …This fact leads them to the “ nonchalence”, the working for the form, without any creative mind, any initiative …”, expression showed in another Note sent to the District Chapter in 2007.

This reality exists since the origine of the Institute of the Christian Brothers taking roots at the moment where “ John Baptist de La salle and 12 of his companions were associated to consecrate their life to the christian education of the poor children” [18] But this topic was only approached significantly since the last 40 years following the 39^th General Chapter ( 1966 ) and brought moreover a quite particular attention to christians who committedfor their brothers and sisters and that wanted to do it today in the “ areopagus” of the modern World ( AC 96-97) [19].

“-The 39^th General Chapter recalled to the Institute that “ the orientation to the poor is integral part of the finality of the Institute” (Declaration 28.2).The Association of Brothers is located there as response to this exigence. The Brothers take it in conscience but the partners will do themselves this progressive dicovery as well ;

“-The 40^th General Chapter (1976) gave a large importance to this association vow by a serious study of origines. In the same time the first members of Signum Fidei made their consideration;

“- The 41^st General Chapter (1986) addressed to the lasallian Family, marking the manifest gratitute to thousands people who contributed to the Mission;

“- The 42^nd General Chapter ( 1993) approached the topic of the Share Mission and Partners.

This vocabulaty comes back quite often in the documents of the Institute,especially in the Pastoral Letters of Brother Superior in 2000-2007;

- Visage of the brothers today – the centrality of our 4^th vow,[ of association] (2000)

- Associated to the God of the Poor – Our consecrated life to the God of the Poor – Our consecrated life under the light of our 4^th Vow ( 2003 )

- Associated to the God of the Kingdom and the kingdom of God – Ministers and servants of the Verb (2004)

- Associated to look for God together, follow Jesus- Christ and work for his Kingdom ( 2005)

The 44^th General Chapter took place on April 30^th and ended on June 2^nd 2007 and the 111 capitulants wanted to say to everyone brothers and lasallian collaborators ” the whole place you took and kept in our heart ,our thoughts,and our choice” [20] . The Brother Superior Alvaro re-affirmed “…that the community is the first association of Brothers” . An article yet intitled “ Associated for the Lasallian educative Mission” was published in the Bulletin of the Institute in 2005, N⁰ 250 at the same time a DVD intitled “ Together and by Association for the educative service of the poor ” in the offing of this preparation of the 44^th Chapter,being “ a constant reference” for the capitulants’ work .And more than a reference : “ the General Chapter accepted and adopted this REPORT ( attached in the international Assembly 2006) for the Institute of the christian Brothers”. This is so the Lasallian collaborators ” were constantly present to exchanges and orientations we (capitulants) had taken.”

To help understand better the signification of the Association, Brother Edwin Artegea presented the schema

Of “ Cercles of Association”[21] in Rome on the September 25^th 2006. The Association , according to him,” may be presented like a circle, living element that assures the exixtence and cohesion of the Christian Brothers and their associates, at all degrees , for the mission that God confided in them

The lasallian partners increases years after years among brothers . In the Philippines, for intance, in 2004 there were only 40 brothers but the partners are 4 900 members . For the brothers arer more and more older and the new vocations lacked, 97% of the brothers’ works are assumed by Partners . In reallity , the brothers collaborated with the lay teachers in all schools before. However, in the past, all were centrelized on the brothers who dared not to confide important responsibilities to the collaborators and these dared not also to take them on their charge . On the contrary, today a new concept replaced the old one. The center of this collaboration is no more the Brothers but the Mission. The Share Mission becomes then essential , alive. Another question appears at the same time: Heritage rights of estate , relationship between Brothers and partners, rights to make decision… “ Some felt to be dispossessed before the “ pervasive” number of laymen”.[23] And so cautious to be shaken by the “ increasing presence of our collaborators” in our daily activities. Here is a small concret example to illustrate the depressive feeling : the community of Nguyen Khuyen is composed of 2 Brothers. The director is 75 years old. This community was transferred to another place folloing the plannification of the city, Nha Trang, in 2004. During over a year after their deplacement , these 2 brothers lived temporarily in a miserable thatched cottage , the compensation money not being sufficient to build a new small house. The brother director suggested me to ask a priest of his knowledge in USA for help in order to construct a Pastoral center for the young. No result ! While visiting this community, a former student of the brothers brought me to see a free sewing- class for handicaps run by Ms Trinh, a buddhist believer .At once, I think of her possible collaboration with the community of Nguyen Khuyen . Having spoken to brother director, I started doing approaches to get the donation for the construction of an apprenticeship center for handicaps. The project was approved and the building finished in August 2006 . It was the first stage.The second consisted of opening officially professionel formation classes for the handicaps because we cannot do what is contrary to the Project goal .

A crisis of vocations brings along a demographic decline in almost big religious Congrgrations as in the Brothers, in the world and in VN. This continues in the majority of countries in which the number was very high, as in France and Spain. The launching of the “association” movement while Noviciates in Europe were closed one after another and there was only one left in Spain. This fact made people comment that , including some Brothers, it was a dying act of the dying person. Realized that “Association” is not a threat at all but a gift of God, the 44^th General Chapter chose the “Association for the service of the poor “, as one of its major themes and besides , a committee will study “ The Rule of the Brothers “ to insert articles on the “Association” .

In Viet nam, since 2002 , the 1^st of January , the “ lasallian partners “ from all provinces where there are communities of brothers gathered at Mai Thon, a retreat house of brothers at 970 Xo Viet Nghe Tinh Street, Binh Thanh District, HCMC (photo,p.464 ). Normally ,the participants make a report of what they did in collaboration with the local Brothers , and plan a project of actions for the coming year . Two big events occurred in the Institute in 2007 : the 44^th General Chapter in Rome in May and the District Chapter in VN in February and in July. “ Being Brothers Today” was the Theme being elaborated to prepare this 44^th General Chapter. The objective of the District Chapter must not be in margin of the goal of the General Chapter. On the contrary, “ it must be followed the General Chapter as well in order to put in use the capitulars’ decisions “ [24] Taking advantages of this assembly of over 150 members of all ages, we would like this year to lead them to join the General Chapter spirit . ( photo,p.481 ). Being present there Brother Coldwel,from Rome, Secretary for the Formation of the Institute gave his impression : “ The assembly of university students, the lasallian Sisters, the former students and the partners were then prayed to suggest the means of which the Brothers may be brothers better today. Small groups were formed for sharing ideas and experiences , then these were shared with the Assembly. One of the key-encouragements was the Brothers becoming” one” with whom they lived and practised their ministry “. The majority of participants were young yet , it said that they knew vaguely the Brothers and their activities in the past. Their response seemed authentic and objective with a little influenced view by the ouside success of the Brothers in the old time.

- May the brothers be engaged a little more to the ouside activities instead of only taking care the boarders.

- Goal of the Institute of Brothers : educative service of the poor.The young need a family education to get a view more human in what is related to the Family.

- The brother must be a true religious: he must live a life worthy of a religious so dignified that others recognized in his person the image of a religious.

- To have a spirit of faith, engage into the service of the poor : to live for and with the young.

- A credible person to realize the activities , to instruct his disciples to the acquisition of hearts.

- He must get a large culture, in particularly general knowledge to respond to the needs of education. Making new one’s knowledge in permanent level in order not to ” Miss the train “ related to the development of the society.

- Young brothers must : be viril - be integrated quickly into the government education system.

- They must be the agents being able to associate the former students to widen the partnership for the Mission.

- It is hopeful that the brothers in the old generation were more familiar with the young and the young brothers in order to recognize their difficulties and aspirations.

- To be integrated with the local authorities , not be afraid of being recognized as religious. Good relationship with the entourage

- The young know little about the brothers. Needing the “marketing” the Image of a Lasallian Brother.

- Having the courage of not moving back in front of difficulties. Daring to swim upstream.

d-Complex relationship between the Government and the Catholicism in Viet Nam

In the middle of the people , several different positions and opinions concerning the relationship between the Catholicism and the government. The obvious manifested attitudes are visible throughout those who are for and agaisnt : dynamic or indifferent , adherent or hostile .

For the catholics in VN, especially those who abandoned all, even their life to escape from the communists in North Viet Nam in 1954 as well as those who had lived peacefully in the South and fought agaisnt the communists during some 20 years for a final defeat in 1975. It is difficult to see the communists under a positive angle! Considering the crisis stage of 1975-1985,such a system pushed the Economy of VN into a situation of complete failure . Meanwhile, the incarceration of the old regime officers , the policy of complete transformation of agriculture into cooperative , the resettling of citizens towards the “ new economic zones “ , the policy of annihilation of the bourgeois class , the strict control of the family booklet , the curriculum vitae and several difficulties related to the religion and congregations….all these made thousands of people lose, especially the catholics, their place in the society. Also, despite risking to be burried at bottom of the sea, thousands of boatpeople left the country clandestinely just in an only year .The problems of which the priest encountered in the organization of their parishes , the limited change of the priesthood and religious, the restricted installation of new religious communities, the controlled admission to seminaries and then to ordination, the authorizations to go out of the country as priests or religious, the confiscations of ground and catholic schools …etc. : from such events occurring hastily provoked the catholic vietnamese people to reflect seriously on the relationship between politics and human rights , the role of the government and the people interests and between the catholicism and the system.

In particular,the opinion and attitude of Bishop Nguyen Van Binh, Saigon bishopric, had contributed to alleviate the upside down situation of the day April 30^th,1975 . On the contrary of the emigration of 1954 from the North to the South Viet Nam, this time, the dignitaries of the Church decided to stay in the country with the people. The majority of congregations reacted the the way: no organization for emigration. Especially, the bishop’s opinion was obviously manifested in his Pastoral Letter in 1980: “ The Conference of the Bishops of Viet Nam engaged to Live the Religion in the very heart of the People. The vietnamese Catholics decided to share their life with the people , because this country is the place where they were invited to live as sons of God […] This people is a community of which God confided us to serve as vietnamese citizens and members of the people of God”. However that may be, a somewhat distrust is at the very bottom heart of both, catholics and communists . The possible collaboration required the confidence of each of them for the common interest.

An indian proverb said “ To educate a child , altogether the whole village roll up their sleeves.” Educating a child in the normal situation is difficult , more difficult yet in this situation where the moral is not very appreciated . In 2006, the brothers celebrated the anniversary of the first French brothers’ Arrival in Viet Nam(1886-2006) ( photo,p. 482) .In the 140 years of presence process ,the brothers were called and invited insistently to renew themselves to respond to the needs of the young, in particular the poor in accordance with the present situation . One hundred and forty years later ,this invitation is still always actual and manifested throughout the General Chapters and the instructions of the Superiors . The 44^th General Chapter which, being more and more conscious of the original Mission of the Institute, had chosen as title

“ Being Brothers Today” whose one of major subjects is the Association for the educative service of the poor.Ten years ago, in a Pastoral Letter in 1997,the Brother Superior John Johnston wrote : “….being as brothers today , we must give YESTERDAY up and hold out against the seduction of passive waiting for TOMORROW ” [25] . The Future of the District is in the hands of the brothers, rather in the ones of the young brothers. ” The Institute does not act , WE act ”[26] as written by the former Brother Superior John Johnston.”It is US who act or do not act : we, the brothers, each Brother “ [27] Numerous are we to hope to have a ready made recipe . We would like to be able to handle perfectly things and get a warranty success . But, there is no miraculous recipe ,or “ solutions already made to new questions asked by the world evolution “ [28] allowing without fail to live fully our mission in such a complex situation of Viet Nam . Living the TODAY is a better mean to “ prevent a degradation in the quality of our consecrated life, a nourished degradation , maybe unconsciously , by dreaming aimlessly and in a fruitless way either in the past or in the future” [29].

Living in the society in which ” Believe” is superstitious , this is “to go against the human good sense” [30] . So, difficulties remain there , challenges at which we must face always remain constantly. This permanent challenge is also that of Monsieur De La Salle,our founder ,who “ incited us to live the present moment , every day of our life, with enthusiasm , with pride , with joy…[31] ( photo, p.483 ).

Basing myself on this leading string , I may present some following propositions :

Generally speaking, these observations of the outside people mentioned above, are focussed on the feeble formation of a Brother as much in the professional field as in the religious one. In reallity , as we know, the recruitment of new vocation is carried out only since the first 90s when the Brothers had no visible and stable works which could be accepted by all as official mission of the Brothers ( photo,p.484) .The formation in the Noviciate that, in accordance with the finality of the Institute, was to “ provide a human and christian education to the young, particularly the poor “[32], seemed to be not enough persuaded because the novices did not see clearly where could be fulfilled this mission of education while all our schools are being nationalized (photo,p.485 ).The formation at the Scholasticats during 5 years, continuing it after the noviciate , was structured only since the end of the 90s and focussed on theology without any courses of pedagogy which is the condition for a success of good teachers and educators . However, since a long time the Scholasticats was called “ institute of Pedagogy” in the cycle of brothers formation . After the Scholasticats, the young brothers were sent to the mission in different communities, without waiting for anything else.

1- The formation cycle of a brother is long : 9-12 years. Living in the closed houses, some felt like strangers once they were sent to the mission. Not being able to fit on the new life they found boring in staying with boarders from morning to evening, so appeared lots of problems . Or, if sent to a region where the visibility is not favorable, the creative spirit will play its role. A long preparation is required during the formation time .

“ The initial formation “ : the formation cycle of a Brother is composed of :

-Two years at least for the time of research in order to understand the lasallian vocation (aspirant ) and the solid formation of human qualities ;

-Two years of Postulate, time of deepening and extended human qualities formation before taking decision to go into the Noviciate;

-Two years of Noviciate (time of probation ) : first year , study of the Rule and all concerning the life of a lasallian brother; in the second year, the novices were dispersed in different communities for a land approach during 3 months at least before their first vows emission;

-Three- year training period (stage) in action communities before the perpetual vows .

A total of 9 years plus the time of initial formation. Then, think of again the formation program of young brothers at the sholasticats to equilibrate the religious and theological formation with that for the mission, aiming then the total development of the person by means of introducing in their program of studies, courses of social science , the pedagogy both theorie and practice , all as their equipment for the future .

-1.1 In all the formation houses : postulancy, Noviciate,Scolasticats, the subjets have a certain time of stage in different communities to stir up the creative spirit and not to go back before the impasse.

-1.2 At the same time, for putting in use , try to open a practical charity school for these young brothers ,even in the same territory of the Scolasticats ,this is what I had proposed some 10 years ago.

-1.3 Use especially the first years of aspirants to rectify concepts, behaviors , and good manners which were influenced by other young in the society, that are not suitable for the religious life.

2-Well “ equiping “ the young brothers before sending them to the Mission . may each of them get a speciality with an official diploma responded to the needs of the field of work : teacher of computing science, fixing the motobikes, general teaching ( Maths, Physics ,chemistry,drawing, arts…).But, let’s keep away from the ambition of bringing something good to the poor we frequented , on the contrary , It is them who are our true masters. Education is not consist of giving something but “ more important yet, it invites us to be interested in what the young can do rather than what they cannot do ‘’ [33]

3- Permanent formation : Sessions of Permanent formation for all levels are published more and more in newspapers. But, a permanent formation strictly reserved tor directors of the staff of big Associations in Malaysia worthy to emphasize : some of the participants already taught this matter the rest of them got at least the MA. This is to say they are conscious of the necessity of having a permanent formation. Moreover,” in the lasallian tradition, the permanent formation is a key-point and a priority reaching even John Baptist de la salle “[34] . All career must perfect its technics day after day in the same ascendent direction of the society. One is no more anxious about the round or plain form of the globe but, it is obviously getting on every minute. So there is no place for those who stay motionlessly, this requires necessarily the permanent formation for both workers and companies to which they are employed . Refusing a permanent formation means also moving backward . Maybe the aptitude is inborn ,but it is developed by the initial formation and then develops itself by the permanent formation . The following definition of aptitude by Prof. Rothwel, illustrates well the need of permanent formation : “ It is to see how are his production ( about a worker ) and his creativity….”.

· Organizing every year a session of permanent formation about Pedagogy or on theology, sociology during the 2- week summer vacation .

4- Centers of professional formation for all – rich, poor, handicaps: up to now, to open professional Centers seemed easy and encouraged by the government. It is a hopeful way to insert us in the education world for the service of the poor.

5- Being visible, problem of recruitment of new vocations : In VN, the vocations are not so lacking in almost all Congregrations that they limited the number of demands by examining only the graduated dossiers and moreover an added competion . At the same time,the young came to the Brothers sporadically for a long time. Why this phenomenon ? A friend – priest whispered at me : “ being brothers required a true modest spirit “. It is the prieshood problem he wanted to notice. Apart me, I do not see there a reason that blocks off or a way without exit . Before 1975 the District of VN was the most flourishing in Asia and every year there were on the average some 15 novices , this because the young saw more or less the way on which their commitment would lead them later. Today, this visible side ceases to exist.The majority of young brothers and aspirants do not come directly for the first time to the Brothers in order to understand what is the lasallian vocation. On the contrary, the lasallian congregation is known only after some attempt or failure in other congregations, from which come these humoristic words or sniggerings of a few people : The congregation of the Brothers is considered as a “ garbage can “ . In reality , during these last years, the responsibles would like to raise the level of knowledge of young brothers by sending,but quite in vain, to the noviciate only those who finished their university studies .

6- Opening general instruction schools : the school is always a “ privileged means “ of the Brothers to live their vocation . Having been in the society life during some 30 years to look for an exit , I realize that this “privileged means” is the most favorable for the brothers’ life. With the schools, the children came to us to get education. Without schools, we must go to look for them, gather them, and sometimes it is not favorable at all in the domain of politics , in the limitation of domestic premises and the competence of the brothers as well. For this requires a very creative spirit to see the needs , a courageous tenacity to be able to stand up after each fall ,each failure . With the school ,the young see a little more clearly the way on which they engage for their future, this can attract elites .

Up to now, as a religious,to open a private school is not authorized yet. However, a lay person can dot it bay other way, either as an investor or as an organizer for the running of the school (photo,p.486 ).In this case, the brothers are considered as his collaborators or members of the Staff. It is the case of the private school TRUONG VINH KY in Pleiku,in the Highlands. Evidently, there is a so great risk that aged brothers accepted hardly for fear of the dishonesty ot the person to whom one confided all the papers concerning the school. Despite such cases , this is an interstice offered to the brothers to insert officially into the education world. ( photo,p.478 )

Opening directly a private school without intermediary is proved the most suitable way for the brothers who are,thus, not dependent on anyone. The first contact on the part of mine for some secrete information from some specialized people offered a promising way. It would be no doubt so careful to stay at the side of the poor because “ if we want to reach a development for both male and female sexes , it is avaisable to refuse an education for the privileged people ,those who enjoyed technical colleges and an education generally public, where innovations and the technology are very far from the children” .[35]

· Daring to form and to train onself : Priority of human formation of a brother to become a complete person.

· Daring to open eyes : “ to pay attention to the needs of the youth “ [36]

· Daring to Dream : “ the ones who have no dreams have nothing great “ [37] . It must not let the dreams of Monsieur de La Salle exhaust along the life .

· Daring collaborate : to be aware of accepting some deprivation to live the 4^th Vow “ Together and by association for the service of the poor “ (photo,p.487 )

· Daring to risk : “ great realizations imply to take risks “ [38] .There is no miraculous receipt .” the already made solutions to new questions asked by the world evolution “ [39]

· Daring to create : not to stay there to wait for a “ favorable moment” .” If the Institute does not act , we act, we, each brother “. To be creative to despatch current garbages to break what is outdated and what does not answer to the present situation ; to be creative to find out a better solution, a new means ; to be creative to be able to profit from old knowledge ,to combine them for a new one. To be creative in order not to be back away before any difficulties.

[1] Newspaer TUOI TRE (the Youth),N^o 006/2006, Saturday.Jan.7^th 2006

[2] Annexes,p.40,line 1224

[3] Magazine Tri Tue ( Spirit) ,N^o8-2006,p.13

[4] WTO = World Trade Organization :Organisation Mondial du commerce

[5] Cf Cong Giao va dan Toc (catolichism and People ),N^ọ 1583,16/11/2006,p.13

[6] Magazine Tuoi Tre (The Youth ),N^o45-06 (1207),1h8i-n1k2-2006,p.22

[7] F.M.I ( international monetary fund ),the Globalization, to be enjoyed or toh be anxious about ?,April 12, 2000.

[8] Ideme political

[9] TUONG LAI, report published at the seminar of NY University,7-11 July,2000

[10] GDP :Gross domestic product.

[11] See text, annex ,p.69.

[12] F.M.I (International Monetary Fund).Must the Globalization enjoy or be anxious about? ,April 12 2000

[13] id

[14] Tuoi Tre magazine ,november 23^rd ,2002

[15] Letter from a schoolgirl of a high school,District 1, HCMcity

[16] Tuoi Tre Magazine,November 11^th 2002

[17] See Annexes,p.67

[18] Acts of 43^rd Chapter General.

[19] Acts of 43^rd Chapter General.

[20] Message of the General Chapter to the Lasallian Family.

[21] Lasallian Reflections,N⁰ 19,November 2006

[22] Idem

[23] Idem

[24] Rule of the christian brothers,art.129

[25] John Johnston,Pastoral Letter 1997,p.31

[26] John Johnston,Pastoral Letter 1994,p.15

[27] Idem

[28] John Johnston .Pastoral Letter 1997,p.31

[29] Idem p.38

[30] Idem p.59

[31] Idem p. 86

[32] Rule of the Christian Brothers,art 3

[33]Nicolas Campelle,I want to go to your school! The lassallian Pedagogy in X X^e,Salvator,2006,p.119

[34] Nicolas CAPELL, I want go to your school! The lasallian Pedagogy in the XXe , Salvator, 2006,p. 35

[35] Niclas Capelle,I want to go to your school! The lasallian pedagogy in the XX^e , Salvator,2006,p.33

[36] John Johnston,Pastoral Letter 1997,p.56

[37] Chinese Proverb

[38] idem

[39] John Johnston,Pastoral Letter 1997,p.31